o

Naija

Pronunciation

ó

Play

Particle

Di word wey de dey take strong di talk wey de don talk.

Directive (clause-final)

Imperative

buy am o! — Buy it!)

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Prohibitive

no enter second service o! — don’t go for the second service)

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Hortative

You, use your brain o! — Apply wisdom!)

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Jussive

make she kukuma just arrange hersef o! — Let her just adjust herself.)

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Assertive-epistemic (clause-final)

e cost o! — That's expensive!)

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Assertive-epistemic in relative clefts (clause-final)

dis one na im dey come o — This one, this is the one who is still on the way.)

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Assertive-epistemic in focused NPs (clause-final)

na hot slap o — That’s a big slap.)

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Evidential with scope over the clause (clause-final)

my sister na so I hear am o — My sister, that's how I heard what happened.)

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Evidential with scope over the main verb (intra-clausal)

we hear o sey Otuyi na im get di restaurant — We heard that Otuyi owns the restaurant.)

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Frame setting topic (intra-clausal)

because ehn I remember dat Jonathan time o everybody just dey flex — Because I remember that, in Jonathan's era, everyone was having a good time.)

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Conditional (intra-clausal)

if you must drive o if e be sey you must drive motor make you no take alcohol — If you must drive, if you have to drive a car, don't drink alcohol.)

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Adversative coordination (intra-clausal)

but sha o di Permanent Secretary dem say she no gree go for di Committee — But in fairness, the Permanent Secretary, they said she refused to meet the Committee.)

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Yes-No answers (extra-clausal)

no o — no!)