Difference between revisions of "o"

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==Naija==
 
==Naija==
===Alternative forms===
+
===Pronunciation===
* haha 0.65 836, oh 0.62 337, hm 0.61 1176, mstchew 0.61 423, abeg 0.59 467, abi 0.56 569, sha 0.55 392, ah 0.54 1840, toh 0.54 307
+
* ó
 +
<sm2>Pcm-ng-o.f.ogg</sm2>
 +
<sm2>Pcm-ng-o.m.ogg</sm2>
  
===Etymology===
+
===Particle===
Borrowed from English o
+
Di word wey de dey take strong di talk wey de don talk.
  
===Pronunciation===
+
===Directive (clause-final)===
* ò
+
Imperative
<sm2>Pcm-ng-o.f.ogg</sm2>
+
:* {{ux|dv| buy am '''o'''!| Buy it!)}}
<sm2>Pcm-ng-o.m.ogg</sm2>
+
ENU_17_Buying-Grocery_DG__47
 +
 
 +
Prohibitive
 +
:* {{ux|dv| no enter second service '''o'''!| don’t go for the second service)}}
 +
WAZP_04_Ponzi-Scheme_MG__102
 +
 
 +
Hortative
 +
:* {{ux|dv| You, use your brain  '''o'''!| Apply wisdom!)}}
 +
IBA_33_News-Comments_MG__3
 +
 
 +
Jussive
 +
:* {{ux|dv| make she kukuma just arrange hersef   '''o'''!| Let her just adjust herself.)}}
 +
ENU_13_School-Life_DG__94
  
===Frequency===
+
===Assertive-epistemic (clause-final)===
* Frequency in NSC treebank: 701
+
:* {{ux|dv| e cost '''o'''!| That's expensive!)}}
* Frequency rank in NSC treebank: 36
+
ENU_17_Buying-Grocery_DG__9
* Frequency in raw corpus: 3879
 
* Frequency rank in raw corpus: 100
 
  
The word is used more orally than in written texts.
+
===Assertive-epistemic in relative clefts (clause-final)===
 +
:* {{ux|dv| dis one na im dey come '''o'''| This one, this is the one who is still on the way.)}}
 +
IBA_32_Tori-By-Samuel_MG__62
  
 +
===Assertive-epistemic in focused NPs (clause-final)===
 +
:* {{ux|dv| na hot slap  '''o'''| That’s a big slap.)}}
 +
PRT_05_Ghetto-Life_MG__15
  
===Particle===
+
===Evidential with scope over the clause (clause-final)===
o: An emphatic particle (present in almost all Nigerian languages) -- Definition in Naija?
+
:* {{ux|dv| my sister na so I hear am  '''o'''| My sister, that's how I heard what happened.)}}
 +
D_ABJ_GWA_02_Market-Food-Church_TRANS,tx@SP2
  
 +
===Evidential with scope over the main verb (intra-clausal)===
 +
:* {{ux|dv| we hear '''o''' sey Otuyi na im get di restaurant | We heard that Otuyi owns the restaurant.)}}
 +
BA_33_News-Comments_MG__47
  
# Egb'''o'''khare (frequency:Inf)
+
===Frame setting topic (intra-clausal)===
#: {{ux|dv|I no go eat '''o'''.|no translation}}
+
:* {{ux|dv| because ehn I remember dat Jonathan time '''o''' everybody just dey flex | Because I remember that, in Jonathan's era, everyone was having a good time.)}}
# - (frequency:3758)
+
LAG_07_Johns-Biography_MG__4
#: {{ux|dv|no '''o''' |(deuber__3730, __no translation__)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|No '''o''', |(ENU_21_Solomon-And-Kingsman_DG__136, No.)}}
 
# flat:f'''o'''reign (frequency:23)
 
#: {{ux|dv|Ro ra '''o'''. |(IBA_05_Cobbler_DG__154, No.)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|'''O''' ya now. |(KAD_14_Stephen-Silas-Betting_DG__183, Alright then.)}}
 
# xc'''o'''mp (frequency:5)
 
#: {{ux|dv|No '''o''' babe. |(IBA_07_Na-Love_DG__365, No, babe.)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|'''o''' two six. |(deuber__4918, __no translation__)}}
 
# c'''o'''nj:dict'''o''' (frequency:4)
 
#: {{ux|dv|What of '''o''', '''o''', oga Jovi? |(JOS_28_Exams_DG__31, What of M...M...Mr Jovi ?)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|Dem go say make you '''o'''-... no... go buy am. |(IBA_21_Obodo-Barracks_MG__55, They will say, you should o-... no... go and buy it.)}}
 
# dep (frequency:3)
 
#: {{ux|dv|Ah '''o''' se '''o'''! |(WAZA_07_Self-Medication_T__157, Ah, thank you.)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|'''O''' ti get e, I don purpose give am now. |(NST_cleaned__8048, __no translation__)}}
 
# nsubj (frequency:3)
 
#: {{ux|dv|'''O''' ti get e, I don purpose give am now. |(IBA_09_Leon-And-Amos_DG__64, You have gotten it. I have already proposed to her.)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|everywhere left and right '''o''' front and back na so so dirty |(deuber__4634, __no translation__)}}
 
# parataxis (frequency:3)
 
#: {{ux|dv|Walahi, dat is, dat is just di problem '''o'''. |(KAD_07_Receptionists_DG__112, Walahi, that is...that is just the problem.)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|Dat day, I tell you as I go dere ba, as we go dat time, I dey tell you sey I see one lady as in very grown up girl '''o'''. |(KAD_23_Christians-In-Kaduna_DG__38, That day I told you, as I went there, as we went that time, I am telling you that I saw one lady, as in a very grown up girl.)}}
 
# '''o'''bl:m'''o'''d (frequency:2)
 
#: {{ux|dv|It is not, sometimes, it is not about di money '''o'''. |(ONI_13_Current-Interests_DG__86, It is not... sometimes, it is not about the money.)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|Ajebo Better Pikin, '''o''' guru, guru morning to you, helep me to wishful my best friend, her name na Nkiruka, Nkiruka birday na today '''o'''. |(WAZK_04_Call-In-Programme_M__22, Ajebo Better Pikin, good morning, good morning to you.)}}
 
# disc'''o'''urse (frequency:2)
 
#: {{ux|dv|Aha ban ga ni '''o''' toh haha. |(NST_cleaned__15573, __no translation__)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|Con dey ask you, a'ha, sister, the Lord is good for your side '''o'''. |(JOS_03_Red-Hair-Facebook_DG__115, They'll then ask you a'ah, sister, the Lord hs good to you o.)}}
 
# numm'''o'''d:m'''o'''d (frequency:2)
 
#: {{ux|dv|two '''o''' one nko?two '''o''' one dat one eh. |(deuber__1545, __no translation__)}}
 
#: {{ux|dv|how your G.E.G. two '''o''' one uh or G.E.G. two '''o''' two?G.E.G. two '''o''' two or two '''o''' one?two '''o''' one two '''o''' one |(deuber__1543, __no translation__)}}
 
  
====Derived forms====
+
===Conditional (intra-clausal)===
 +
:* {{ux|dv| if you must drive '''o''' if e be sey you must drive motor make you no take alcohol  | If you must drive, if you have to drive a car, don't drink alcohol.)}}
 +
LAG_31_Road-Safety_MG__69
  
 +
===Adversative coordination (intra-clausal)===
 +
:* {{ux|dv| but sha '''o''' di Permanent Secretary dem say she no gree go for di Committee  | But in fairness, the Permanent Secretary, they said she refused to meet the Committee.)}}
 +
BA_32_Tori-By-Samuel_MG__64
  
====Synonyms====
+
===Yes-No answers (extra-clausal)===
* haha 0.65 836, oh 0.62 337, hm 0.61 1176, mstchew 0.61 423, abeg 0.59 467, abi 0.56 569, sha 0.55 392, ah 0.54 1840, toh 0.54 307
+
:* {{ux|dv| no '''o''' | no!)}}
 +
BA_32_Tori-By-Samuel_MG__64
  
====Antonyms====
+
===Courtesy interjections (extra-clausal)===
* haha 0.65 836, oh 0.62 337, hm 0.61 1176, mstchew 0.61 423, abeg 0.59 467, abi 0.56 569, sha 0.55 392, ah 0.54 1840, toh 0.54 307
+
:* {{ux|dv| abeg '''o''' | please)}}
 +
ABJ_GWA_02_Market-Food-Church_DG__99
  
 
====Translations====
 
====Translations====
* English: An emphatic particle (present in almost all Nigerian languages)
+
* English: ''oh''

Latest revision as of 19:32, 6 March 2024

Naija

Pronunciation

  • ó

Play

Particle

Di word wey de dey take strong di talk wey de don talk.

Directive (clause-final)

Imperative

  • buy am o!  —  Buy it!)

ENU_17_Buying-Grocery_DG__47

Prohibitive

  • no enter second service o!  —  don’t go for the second service)

WAZP_04_Ponzi-Scheme_MG__102

Hortative

  • You, use your brain  o!  —  Apply wisdom!)

IBA_33_News-Comments_MG__3

Jussive

  • make she kukuma just arrange hersef   o!  —  Let her just adjust herself.)

ENU_13_School-Life_DG__94

Assertive-epistemic (clause-final)

  • e cost o!  —  That's expensive!)

ENU_17_Buying-Grocery_DG__9

Assertive-epistemic in relative clefts (clause-final)

  • dis one na im dey come o  —  This one, this is the one who is still on the way.)

IBA_32_Tori-By-Samuel_MG__62

Assertive-epistemic in focused NPs (clause-final)

  • na hot slap o  —  That’s a big slap.)

PRT_05_Ghetto-Life_MG__15

Evidential with scope over the clause (clause-final)

  • my sister na so I hear am o  —  My sister, that's how I heard what happened.)

D_ABJ_GWA_02_Market-Food-Church_TRANS,tx@SP2

Evidential with scope over the main verb (intra-clausal)

  • we hear o sey Otuyi na im get di restaurant  —  We heard that Otuyi owns the restaurant.)

BA_33_News-Comments_MG__47

Frame setting topic (intra-clausal)

  • because ehn I remember dat Jonathan time o everybody just dey flex  —  Because I remember that, in Jonathan's era, everyone was having a good time.)

LAG_07_Johns-Biography_MG__4

Conditional (intra-clausal)

  • if you must drive o if e be sey you must drive motor make you no take alcohol  —  If you must drive, if you have to drive a car, don't drink alcohol.)

LAG_31_Road-Safety_MG__69

Adversative coordination (intra-clausal)

  • but sha o di Permanent Secretary dem say she no gree go for di Committee  —  But in fairness, the Permanent Secretary, they said she refused to meet the Committee.)

BA_32_Tori-By-Samuel_MG__64

Yes-No answers (extra-clausal)

  • no o  —  no!)

BA_32_Tori-By-Samuel_MG__64

Courtesy interjections (extra-clausal)

  • abeg o  —  please)

ABJ_GWA_02_Market-Food-Church_DG__99

Translations

  • English: oh