Difference between revisions of "by"
 
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===Etymology===
 
===Etymology===
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Borrowed from English by
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From: English ''by''
  
 
===Pronunciation===
 
===Pronunciation===
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* baɪ
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* /báɪ̀/
 
<sm2>Pcm-ng-by.f.ogg</sm2>  
 
<sm2>Pcm-ng-by.f.ogg</sm2>  
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<sm2>Pcm-ng-by.m.ogg</sm2>  
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<sm2>Pcm-ng-by.m.ogg</sm2>
  
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===Frequency===
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===Adverb===
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* Frequency in NSC treebank: 84
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#Word wey dey dress near anoder word to show sey something don [[happen]] pass or dey happen.
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* Frequency rank in NSC treebank: 162
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#:*{{ux|dv| Im na maize and groundnut farmer, e say if na before, im maize for don tall reach human being '''by''' now.|(He is a maize and groundnut farmer, he mentioned that in the past, by this time, his maize would grown as tall as a person.)}}
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* Frequency in raw corpus: 2413
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#:*{{ux|dv| Nigeria go play Guinea for dia second group match '''by''' 3;30pm local time. |(The kick-off time for the match between Nigeria and Guinea in the second group game is 3.30pm local time.)}}
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* Frequency rank in raw corpus: 168
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#Word wey de dey take show as person take do someting wit clear eye.
 +
#:*{{ux|dv| After police [[gbab]] di kidnapper e come begin talk sey e no '''by''' kidnap anybody; sey na Devil handwork. |(The kidnapper blamed the Devil as the mastermind of the kidnappings after the police arrested him.)}}
 +
#:*{{ux|dv|Some people for dis life na to '''by''' do person strong ting. |(By nature some persons are sadistic.)}}
  
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The word is used more orally than in written texts.
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====Related forms====
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* [[byforce]], [[byforce work]], [[bymouth]]
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===Auxiliary===
 
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by: no definition -- Definition in Naija?
 
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# - (frequency:5)
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Dem '''by''' force all di staff to move go di ground floor and dem dey harass pipo dia because na '''by''' force dem use to enta di building. |(bbc__4571, __no translation__)}}
 
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#: {{ux|dv|AFP One Uganda woman don collect two years jail term sake of say she '''by''' force her step pikin wey be girl to drink menstruation blood |(bbc__10224, __no translation__)}}
 
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====Derived forms====
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
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====Synonyms====
 
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* within 0.52 236, 45pm 0.46 6, without 0.43 443, task 0.42 89, following 0.41 74, exclusion 0.40 9, in 0.39 4660, intensify 0.38 7, not 0.38 1042
 
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====Antonyms====
 
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* within 0.52 236, 45pm 0.46 6, without 0.43 443, task 0.42 89, following 0.41 74, exclusion 0.40 9, in 0.39 4660, intensify 0.38 7, not 0.38 1042
 
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====Translations====
 
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* English: no definition
 
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−
 
 
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===Preposition===
 
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by: no definition -- Definition in Naija?
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
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# - (frequency:2452)
 
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#: {{ux|dv|'''By''' four? |(ABJ_NOU_03_Open-University_DG__144, At four ?)}}
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Na '''by''' force. |(ENU_11_Delicious-Beans-And-Plantain_M__52, It's by force.)}}
 
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# dep (frequency:16)
 
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#: {{ux|dv|'''By''' then di mata don come tire am. |(bbc__23966, __no translation__)}}
 
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#: {{ux|dv|I fit tell '''by''' fact say im no know about dis until Saturday evening. |(bbc__39341, __no translation__)}}
 
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# obl:mod (frequency:5)
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Nigeria go play Guinea for dia second group match '''by''' 3;30pm local time. |(bbc__73682, __no translation__)}}
 
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#: {{ux|dv|But tori be say di presidential jet later land di the presidential wing of di Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport Abuja '''by''' 10:45pm on Tuesday night. |(bbc__23595, __no translation__)}}
 
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# nsubj (frequency:3)
 
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#: {{ux|dv|So '''by''' di, dat one be sey we get less dan fifteen days before de end of October. |(ENU_28_World-Food-Day_M__4, So, by that one is that we have less than fifteen days before the end of October.)}}
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Skip Twitter post '''by'''  #MoneyLaundering EFCC intercepts $2.8million at Akanu Ibiam International Airport, Enugu. |(bbc__90040, __no translation__)}}
 
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# advmod (frequency:2)
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Haruna Isah na Maize and Groundnut farmer, e say if na before, im Maize for don tall reach human being '''by''' now |(bbc__55344, __no translation__)}}
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Ogunyemi also tok say ASUU expectation na say '''by''' now dem go don settle all di outstanding issues wey dey ground to di satisfaction of di two parties involved but no be so e be. |(bbc__77168, __no translation__)}}
 
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====Derived forms====
 
−
 
 
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* [[according by|according by]]
 
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#: {{ux|dv|Yes, as e take be so, now dem be di club wen im get money pass for obodo world because according by force, na only dem, sit down on top number one position on top di level. |(WAZA_01_Triplea-Sports_MG__25, Yes, as it is, they are the richest club in the whole world because they are in the top position.)}}
 
−
#: {{ux|dv|According by di way wey Senate Commitee on Top of Works, dem Chamo, Kabir Gaya wey dey representate APC Kano, di way wey e take yarn di matter, de no dey hear one side of tori judge o. |(WAZK_08_Fuel-Price-Increase_MG__53, According to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Works, Kabir Gaya, representing the APC [All Progressives Congress] in Kano, the way he spoke about the matter, it's obvious that you shouldn't act on a one-sided story.)}}
 
  
 
====Synonyms====
 
====Synonyms====
−
* within 0.52 236, 45pm 0.46 6, without 0.43 443, task 0.42 89, following 0.41 74, exclusion 0.40 9, in 0.39 4660, intensify 0.38 7, not 0.38 1042
+
* [[for]], [[carry]]
−
 
 
−
====Antonyms====
 
−
* within 0.52 236, 45pm 0.46 6, without 0.43 443, task 0.42 89, following 0.41 74, exclusion 0.40 9, in 0.39 4660, intensify 0.38 7, not 0.38 1042
 
  
 
====Translations====
 
====Translations====
−
* English: no definition
+
* English: ''by'', ''deliberately''

Latest revision as of 20:59, 27 February 2024

Naija

Alternative forms

Etymology

From: English by

Pronunciation

  • /báɪ̀/

Play Play

Adverb

  1. Word wey dey dress near anoder word to show sey something don happen pass or dey happen.
    • Im na maize and groundnut farmer, e say if na before, im maize for don tall reach human being by now.  — (He is a maize and groundnut farmer, he mentioned that in the past, by this time, his maize would grown as tall as a person.)
    • Nigeria go play Guinea for dia second group match by 3;30pm local time.  — (The kick-off time for the match between Nigeria and Guinea in the second group game is 3.30pm local time.)
  2. Word wey de dey take show as person take do someting wit clear eye.
    • After police gbab di kidnapper e come begin talk sey e no by kidnap anybody; sey na Devil handwork.  — (The kidnapper blamed the Devil as the mastermind of the kidnappings after the police arrested him.)
    • Some people for dis life na to by do person strong ting.  — (By nature some persons are sadistic.)

Related forms

Synonyms

Translations

  • English: by, deliberately
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